Biology Unit 3 Key Words
Key words from the higher textbook
AQA
Unit 3
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- Created by: Louisa
- Created on: 05-05-13 21:07
Partially Permeable
Allowing only certain substances to pass through
1 of 100
Osmosis
The net movement of water from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water along a concentration gradient
2 of 100
Active Transport
The movement of substances against a concentration gradient and/or across a cell membrane, using energy
3 of 100
Dehydrated
Lacking in Water
4 of 100
Rehydrate
To restore water to a system
5 of 100
Hydrated
With Plenty of Water
6 of 100
Solute
The solid which dissolves in a solvent to form a solution
7 of 100
Exchange Surface
A surface at which materials are exchanged
8 of 100
Ventilated
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
9 of 100
Gaseous Exchange
The exchange of gases. e.g. the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood
10 of 100
alveoli
Tiny air sacks in the lungs which increase the surface area for gaseous exchange
11 of 100
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels which run between each individual cell. They have a wall which is one cell thick
12 of 100
breathing
the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs. In humans this is brought about by the action of the intercostal muscles on the ribs and diaphragm
13 of 100
breathing system
The stems involved in breathing: the ribs, the intercostal muscles, diaphragm and the lungs and tubes that bring the air from outside in
14 of 100
thorax
The upper chest region of the body. In humans it includes the ribcage, heart and lungs
15 of 100
abdomen
Lower region of the body containing digestive system kidneys etc.
16 of 100
diaphragm
strong sheet of muscle that seperates the thorax from the abdomen; changing volume of the chest during the ventilation of the lungs
17 of 100
intercostal muscles
Muscles between the ribs which raise and lower during breathing movements
18 of 100
negative pressure
System when the external pressure is lower than the internal pressure
19 of 100
positive pressure
System where the external pressure is higher than the internal pressure
20 of 100
vaccum
Area with little or no gas pressure
21 of 100
Trachea
The main tube lined with cartilage rings which carries air from the nose and mouth towards the lungs
22 of 100
Villi
Finger-like projections from the lining of the small intestine which increase the surface area for the absorbtion of digested food into the blood
23 of 100
Evapouration
A change of state from a liquid to a gas below its boiling point
24 of 100
Cuticule
Waxy covering of a leaf or insect which reduces water loss from the surface
25 of 100
Guard Cells
Cells which surround the stomata in the leaves of plants and control their opening and closing
26 of 100
Root Hair Cells
Cell on a root of a plant with microscopic hairs which increases the surface area for the absorbtion of water and mineral ions from the soil by active transport
27 of 100
Transpiration
The loss of water vapour from the leaves of the plant through the stomata when they are open allowing gas exchange for photosythesis
28 of 100
Transpiration Stream
The movement of water through a plant from the roots to the leaves as a result of the loss of water from evapouration from the surface of the leaves
29 of 100
Wilting
Process in which plants droop when they are short of water or too hot. This redices further water loss and cell damage
30 of 100
Transport System
A system for transporting substances around a multicellular living organism
31 of 100
Blood Circulation System
The system by which the blood is pumped around the body
32 of 100
Blood Vessels
Tubes which carry blood around the body
33 of 100
Heart
Muscular organ which pumps blood around the body
34 of 100
Blood
Liquid that is pumped around the body by the heart; it contains blood cells, dissolved food, oxygen, waste products, mineral ions, hormones and other substances needed in the body or needing to be removed from the body
35 of 100
Double Circulation
Seperate circulation of the blood from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart and then to the body
36 of 100
Oxygenated
Containing Oxygen
37 of 100
Arteries
Blood Vessel that carries blood away from the heart
38 of 100
Veins
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Usually deoxygenated blood and has valves that prevent backflow of blood
39 of 100
Coronary Arteries
Artery that carries oxygenated blood to the muscle of the heart
40 of 100
Atria
Small upper chambers of the heart; right atrium recieves blood from the body and the left atrium recives blood from the lungs
41 of 100
Vena Cava
Large vein going into the right atrium carrying deoxygenated blood from the body
42 of 100
Deoxygenated
Lacking oxygen
43 of 100
Pulmonary Vein
Large blood vessel bringing blood into the left atrium of the heart to the lungs
44 of 100
Ventricles
The large chambers at the bottom of the heart, the right pumps blood tot he lungs, the left to the body
45 of 100
Pulmonary Artery
Large blood vessel taking deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
46 of 100
Aorta
The main artery leaving the left ventricle carrying oxygenated blood to the body
47 of 100
Valves
Structure that prevents backflow fo a liquid; the valves of the heart or the veins
48 of 100
Stents
A metal mesh placed in the artery which is used to open the blood vessel by the inflation of a tiny balloon
49 of 100
Plasma
Clear yellow liquid part of the blood which carries dissolved substances and blood cells around the body
50 of 100
Red Blood Cells
Blood cell which contains the red pigment haemoglobin. Bioconcave discs and gives the blood its red colour
51 of 100
White Blood Cells
Blood Cell that is invloved in the immune system; engulfs bacteria, make antibodies and pevents cell damage
52 of 100
Platelets
Fragment of cell in the blood which is vital for clotting mechanism to work
53 of 100
Urea
Waste product formed by the breakdown of excess aminoacids in the liver
54 of 100
Urine
The liquid produced by the kidneys containing the metabolic waste product urea anlong with excess salts and water fromt he body
55 of 100
Bioconcave Discs
Shape of Red Blood Cells
56 of 100
Pigment
Coloured Molecule
57 of 100
Haemoglobin
Red pigment which carries oxygen round the body
58 of 100
Oxyhaemoglobin
Molecule formed when haemoglobin binds to oxygen molecules
59 of 100
Transfusion
Transfer of blood from on person to another
60 of 100
Donor
Person who gives material from their body to another person who needs healthy tissue
61 of 100
Liver
A large organ in the abdomen which carries out a wide range of functions in the body
62 of 100
Bladder
The organ where urine is stored until its released from the body
63 of 100
Selective Reabsorbtion
Varying amount of water and dissolved mineral ions that are taken back into the blood in the kidney depending on what is needed by the body
64 of 100
Urobolins
Yeloow pigment that comes from the breakdown of haemoglobin in the liver
65 of 100
Dialysis
The process of cleansing the blood through a dialysis machine when the kidneys have failed
66 of 100
Kidney Transplant
Replacing failed kidneys with a healthy kidney from a donor
67 of 100
Dialysis Machine
The machine used to remove urea and excess mineral ions from the blood when the kidneys fail
68 of 100
Recipient
The person that recieves the donor organ or tissue
69 of 100
Immune Response
The response of the immune system that react to cells carrying foreign antigens; results in making antigens against the foreign cells and the destruction of those cells
70 of 100
Immunosuppressant Drugs
Drugs which suppress the immune system of the recipitent of a transplant to prevent rejection
71 of 100
Xenotransplantation
Transplanting tissues or organs from one species to another
72 of 100
Core Body Temperature
The internal temperature of the body
73 of 100
Thermoregulatory Centre
The area of the brain that is sensitive to the temperature of the blood
74 of 100
Hypothermia
The state when the core body temperature drops below normal range
75 of 100
Insulin
A hormone involved with controlling blood sugar levels
76 of 100
Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes which is when the pancreas cannot make insulin. It usually occurs in children and young adults and can be treated by regular insulin injections
77 of 100
Glucagon
A hormone involved with controlling blood sugar levels
78 of 100
Embryonic Stem Cells
Stem cell which the potential to form a number of different specialised cells which is taken from an early embryo
79 of 100
Non-renewable
Something that cannot be replaced once it is used up
80 of 100
Industrial Waste
Waste produced by industrial processes
81 of 100
Sewage
A combination of body waste, waste water form homes and rainfall overflow from street drains
82 of 100
Ecology
Scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment
83 of 100
Fertile
A fertile soil contains enough minerals eg. nitrates; to supply the crops with essensial nutrients fro healthy growth
84 of 100
Eutrophication
the process fo which excessive nutrients (fertiliser into the water) lead to very fast plant growth leading to competion so plants die and are decomposed by microorgansm that respire using up dissolved oxygen; the water can no longer sustain animals
85 of 100
Acid Rain
Rain that is acidic due to dissolved gases such as sulfur dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels
86 of 100
Deforestation
Removal of forests by felling, burning etc.
87 of 100
Biodiversity
The number and variety of different organisms found in a specified area
88 of 100
Methane
Hydrocarbon gas CH4 makes up main flammable component of biogas
89 of 100
Global Warming
Warming of the earth due to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trapping infrared radiation from the surface
90 of 100
Greenhouse Gases
Gases such as CO2 and methane which absorb infrared radiation from the earth resulting in the heating of the atmosphere
91 of 100
Greenhouse Effect
Trapping infrared radiation from the sun as a result of greenhouse gases (CO2 adn methane) in the earths atmosphere. This effect maintains the temperature of the surface of the earth to sustain life
92 of 100
Biofuels
Fuel produced from biological material which is renewable and sustainable
93 of 100
Biogas
Methane produced by the fermentation of biological materials
94 of 100
Distillation
A process which seperates components of a mixture on the basis of their different boiling points
95 of 100
Carbon Neutral
A process which uses as much carbon dioxide as it produces
96 of 100
Exothermic
Reaction where the products have more energy than the reactants; releases energy as heat
97 of 100
Sustainable Food Production
Methods of producing food that can be sustained over time without destroying the fertility of the land or ocean
98 of 100
Mycoprotein
A food based on the fungus 'fusarium' that grows and reproduces rapidly; it means 'Protein from Fungus'
99 of 100
Fermenters
The reaction in which the enzymes in yeast turn guclode into ethanol and CO2
100 of 100
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The net movement of water from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water along a concentration gradient
Back
Osmosis
Card 3
Front
The movement of substances against a concentration gradient and/or across a cell membrane, using energy
Back
Card 4
Front
Lacking in Water
Back
Card 5
Front
To restore water to a system
Back
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