Sociology AS Unit 1 Key Terms

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  • Created by: Laura
  • Created on: 08-01-13 20:53
Structuralism
The theory that society shapes individuals and has power
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Social Action
The belief that it is individuals the shape society and have power
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Consensus
An unwritten agreement between the majority of people in a society of the correct way to behave in certain situations
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Macro
The study of society as a whole
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Micro
The study of individuals in a society
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Functionalism
The theory that each part of society helps the others to run smoothly and that they are co-dependent on each other
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Bourgeoisie
The dominant/ruling class in capitalist societies; the owners of businesses etc
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False class consciousness
The state of not being aware of one's true identity as exploited workers
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Meritocratic
The belief that if you work hard, you will be rewarded
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Means of production
the land, factories, machines, science, technology and labour needed to produce goods
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Proletariat
the working class people
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Nature
the view that human characteristics and behaviour are biologically based, hereditary and impossible to change
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Nurture
the view that human characteristics and behaviour are learned and a product of our society's culture
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Natural Instincts
a fixed pre-programmed pattern of behaviour shared by all members of a given species
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Socialisation
the lifelong process whereby individuals learn the culture of their society
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Culture
learned behaviour and norms
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Patriarchal
male dominated
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Dual Worker Family
when both parents in a nuclear family are employed in professional occupations
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Reconstituted Family
a family in which one or both adults have been previously married and the children are living with a stepparent and possibly step brothers and sisters
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Cohabitation
An arrangement whereby couples who are not legally married live together in a sexual relationship like husband and wife
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Civil Partnership
the term used to describe 'gay marriages'; a legal recognition of a gay relationship which gives couples the same rights as straight married couples
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Lone Parent Family
a family consisting of a dependent child or children with only one parent, usually the mother
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Extended Family
a family unit which either lives together or keeps in close contact and which includes a wider range of kin than the nuclear family
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Secularisation
the decline in influence of religion in society
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Value Consensus
An unwritten agreement between the majority of people in a society that something is good and worthwhile
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Labelling Theory
the idea that categorising or stereotyping individuals or groups can affect their behaviour
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Master Status
a label or status that can override all others
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Crisis of Masculinity
the view that men who have been socialised into being dominant in their family and society are experiencing uncertainty because they are being challenged by successful women
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Primary Socialisation
socialisation that occurs between birth and 3 years old, mostly within the institution of the family
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Secondary Socialisation
socialisation that occurs after the age of 3 years old until death, from institutions such as education, the media, work etc
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Hidden Curriculum
when children in school also learn how to correct behave in society through their education, for example respecting authority and responding to bells
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Norms
normal, expected patterns of behaviour
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Values
beliefs about what is right and wrong in society
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Household
an individual or group of people who share a home but are not necessarily related
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Homogenous
the view that families are all the same and each in nuclear in structure
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Patrilineality
the process of keeping property and/or money in the male line of a family, because he keeps his name after marriage
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Re-marriage
a marriage where one or both partners have been married before
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Separation
when couples agree to live apart after the breakdown of a marriage, but are still legally married
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Empty-shell Marriages
when couples stay together in name only because of lack of love or intimacy; they may stay together for religious reasons or for the sake of children
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Chaos of love
when characteristics of the modern world such as individualisation and choice leading to conflict in personal relationships
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Familism
the view that certain types of family arrangements and expressions of human sexuality are more ideal or better than others
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Cereal Packet Family
the concept of the 'ideal' family in western society used frequently by the media
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Familistic Gender Regimes
the view that social policies take that is traditional and tries to encourage segregated conjugal roles
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Individualistic Gender Regimes
the view that social policies take that is more equal and suggests that husbands and wives should be equal
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Means tested
that a grant or benefit is allowed based on your level of income and economic conditons
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Rites of passage
ceremonies to mark the transition from childhood to adulthood
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Immigration
the movement of people into and area or country
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Emigration
the movement of people out of an area or country
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Net Migration
the difference between the numbers of people immigrating and the numbers of people emigrating and is expressed as a net increase or decrease due to migration
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Stratified Diffusion
when patterns of living diffuse through the social structure and the working class families will copy the habits of the middle and upper classes
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Cottage Industry
the production of goods and services in the home
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Industrialisation
the move to the production of manufactured goods in factories
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Isolated nuclear family
when a nuclear family are largely independent from the wider kinship network
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Modified Extended Family
a weaker version of the nuclear family where members don't usually share the same household but contact is regular and services are exchanged
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Production Unit
a group of people involved in the production of goods and services
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Unit of Consumption
a group of people who consume goods and services as a unit
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Achieved Status
a position in society which individuals gain through their own efforts, rather than being born into it
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Ascribed Status
a position in society which is the result of a fixed characteristic given at birth
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Birth rate
the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
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Childhood
A socially constructed and biological state; a period before adult status
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Conjugal Roles
the roles played by a husband and wife within marriage particularly when referring to the domestic division of labour
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Dark side of the family
the concept that for some individuals the family may be harmful
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Death Rate
the number of deaths per 1000 of the live population per year
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Divorce
the legal termination of marriage which allows the couple to remarry
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Divorce Rate
the number of divorces per 1000 married couples in the population per year
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Domestic Labour
unpaid work such as housework and childcare within the home and family
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dual burden/shift
the double burden of paid employment and domestic labour
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Emotional Work
the emotional input, such as caring, supporting and nurturing that one puts into a family
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Empty-nest marriages
families where the children have grown up and moved out
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Expressive role
the role traditionally played by the woman in a marriage of caring and nurturing
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Fertility rate
the number of live births in a population per 1000 women of childbearing age
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Infant Mortality Rate
the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births
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Instrument Role
the role traditionally played by the man in a marriage of the breadwinner and provider for the family
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Life expectancy
the average number of years a newborn baby can be expected to live
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Marriage
the legal union of a man and a women
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Serial Monogamy
a pattern of marriage where an individual has several marriage partners over the course of their life
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structural differentiation
the historical process whereby social structure become increasingly specialised and segregated from each other
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Underclass
used to describe some families on the margins of society
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The belief that it is individuals the shape society and have power

Back

Social Action

Card 3

Front

An unwritten agreement between the majority of people in a society of the correct way to behave in certain situations

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The study of society as a whole

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The study of individuals in a society

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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