Skeletal and Muscular System 3.5 / 5 based on 3 ratings ? Physical EducationAnatomy & physiologyASAQA Created by: LaurenCreated on: 06-11-12 16:50 What are the functions of the skeleton? Supports, structure, movement, protection, blood production 1 of 42 How many bones does an adult have? 206 2 of 42 Axial skeleton Skull, spine, rib cage 3 of 42 Appendicular skeleton Arms and legs 4 of 42 What are the 4 different types of bones with examples? Long - Femur, Short - Carpals, Flat - Sternum, Irregular - Vertebrae 5 of 42 Articular Cartilage On the end of all bones, aids movement, smooth 6 of 42 White Fibro Cartilage Tough, between vertebrae 7 of 42 Yellow Elastic Cartilage Soft, in ear lobes 8 of 42 Joints Are links between bones and skeleton, their main functions are movement and stability 9 of 42 Ball and Socket Allow movement in 3 dym, found in shoulder, cartilage around top to allow movement, greatest allow of movement 10 of 42 Hinge Found in elbows and knees, movement in 1 plane, only bends and straightens 11 of 42 Pivot Bone rotates at a joint, only rotation, found in neck 12 of 42 Gliding Joint Spine and feet, limited movement, bones glide slowly across bones for movement 13 of 42 Condyloid Movement in 2 planes, flexion and extention, adduction and abduction, found in wrist 14 of 42 Fiberous Joints No movement, most stable, joints between the bones of the skull and fused bones of the sacrum and coccyx 15 of 42 Cartilaginous Little movement, stable, joints between adjacent vertebrae in the cervical thoracic and part of the lumar spine 16 of 42 Synovial Free movement, least stable, joints between the bones of the arms and legs, eg. pivot, hinge 17 of 42 Anotomical Position Everything in your body facing forward including palms 18 of 42 Lateral Extension Twisting of the spine from side to side 19 of 42 Circumduction Makes a circular motion, only happens in the shoulder, rotation 20 of 42 Hyperextention Extension of the spine from its natural position 21 of 42 Pronation When the radio-ulna joint is rotated where your fingers are facing down 22 of 42 Supernation When you twist your arm and make a 'soup bowl' 23 of 42 Dorsiflexion Heels down, toes up 24 of 42 Planterflexion Toes down, heels up 25 of 42 Tendon Connects bones to muscles, must be strong and aid movement, can only pull one bone to another 26 of 42 Origin Attachment doesn't usually move, closest to the head 27 of 42 Insertion Attachment that moves, closest to feet 28 of 42 Antagonistic Muscle Action Where two muscles work together to cause movement 29 of 42 Agonist Muscle responsible for the movement 30 of 42 Antagonist Muscle that works alongside the agonist, eg. biceps and triceps 31 of 42 Muscular Contractions Tension in a muscle, classified in 2 ways, isotonic and isometric 32 of 42 Isotonic Change in muscle length to cause movement 33 of 42 Isometric Where there is no change in length = no movement 34 of 42 Concentric Isotonic - Shortens, causes movement 35 of 42 Eccentric Isotonic - Lengthens and controls movement 36 of 42 Isomentric Isometric - Stops movement 37 of 42 Muscle Fibre One cell muscle 38 of 42 Bundle A group of muscle cells 39 of 42 Muscle A group of bundles 40 of 42 Muscle Fibres Two types: Type 1 - Slow twitch, aerobic, eg. marathon, Type 2 - Fast twitch, anaerobic 41 of 42 2a and 2b 2a = Fog - Fast, oxidatine, glycolytic. 2b = Fg - Fast, glycolytic. 2a lasts longer than 2b but 2b provides the most energy. 42 of 42
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