physical occurrence resulting from movement of earth's crust that has potential to cause loss of like and damage to property
1 of 26
when does a tectonic hazard become a disaster?
when we experience the 'realisation of the hazard' Smith 1996 - extreme events that create severe disruption
2 of 26
Name the primary effects of Earthquakes
effects due directly to the quake itself - body waves (S and P waves) and surface waves (Rayleigh and Long waves)
3 of 26
Name the secondary effects of Earthquakes
Hazards triggered off by the hazard by itself - soil liquefaction, landslides, tsunami, fire, flooding - from dams collapse
4 of 26
Name the 5 categories for classifying tectonic hazard
Geographical processes, spatial distribution, Duration/nature of impact & warning time, Magnitude & frequency and specific processes in the lithosphere causing the activity
5 of 26
what can be used to give an overall physical picture of a hazardous event?
A hazard profile: Magnitude, Speed of onset, duration, areal extent, spatial reliability, frequency.
6 of 26
What is the state/temperature/thickness of the inner core?
Solid at 5000-7000 degrees and up to 1100 km
7 of 26
Which is the thickest layer of the Earth?
Lower Mantle
8 of 26
what is the upper mantle called?
Asthenosphere - this is what the plates lie on top of
9 of 26
Name the two rocks that make up the Earth's crust
Basalt and Granite
10 of 26
What is the most likely cause of plate movement?
Convection cell currents in the asthenosphere (upper mantle)
11 of 26
What is it called when plates move apart?
Continental Drift
12 of 26
What are constructive margins also known as?
Divergent e.g. Mid-Atlantic ridge/African Rift Valley
13 of 26
What is the better term for Convergent margins?
Destructive/Collision boundaries
14 of 26
Give an example of a conservative margin
San Andreas Fault - activity between North American and Pacific plates
15 of 26
What are Intrusive Landforms?
formed by magma rising towards surface but cooling/solidifying before extruding the surface
16 of 26
Why do intrusive landforms occur?
Magma is rising slowly, there is great thickness of crust to pass through, there are a few weaknesses in the crust through which magma can flow easily e.g. a Batholith/Dyke/Sill (Isle of Arran)
17 of 26
What are extrusive landforms?
the outpouring of material from the Earth's crust produces landforms on the surface
18 of 26
Name examples of extrusive igneous landforms/activities
Fissures, Volcanoes, Geysers, Fumaroles, volcano cones, Lava Plateau (case study - The Deccan)
19 of 26
what three things affect viscosity of magma?
Temperature, Silica content and volume of dissolved gases
20 of 26
Name the three types of magma
Basaltic, Andesitic, Rhyolitic
21 of 26
Why do people live in tectonically active areas?
Ignorance, Inertia, Choice.
22 of 26
what is a Rift valley?
an elongated trough with steep walls formed by the downward displacement of a block of the earth's surface between parallel faults - formed at divergence/constructive margins
23 of 26
Name the 4 phases of the Park Response Curve
Pre-disaster, Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
24 of 26
What are fold mountains?
occur at a collision/destructive boundary - forces rocks upwards into a series of folds
25 of 26
Name and briefly explain the 5 different types of folds
Monocline: two horizontal limbs connected by a shorter inclined limb Anticline: strata sloping downwards on each side forming a crest Syncline: downward fold younger layers closer to centre Overturned: bed dips to on... also Overthrust
26 of 26
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
when does a tectonic hazard become a disaster?
Back
when we experience the 'realisation of the hazard' Smith 1996 - extreme events that create severe disruption
Card 3
Front
Name the primary effects of Earthquakes
Back
Card 4
Front
Name the secondary effects of Earthquakes
Back
Card 5
Front
Name the 5 categories for classifying tectonic hazard
Comments
No comments have yet been made