key points on rocks, metals and building

atoms, elements and compunds

• all substances are made up of atoms
• elements contain only one types of atom
• different atoms can bond together by giving, taking or sharing electrons to form compunds

limestone and its uses

• limestone is mainly made of calcuim carbonate
• limestone is widely used in building
• limestone breaks down when its heated strongly (thermal decomposition) to make quicklime and carbon dioxide

decomposing carbonates

• some carbonates decompose when they are heated in a bunsen flame
• there is the same number of atoms in each side of a blalnced chemical equation
• the mass of reactants is the same as the mass of the products in a chemical reaction

quicklime and slaked lime

• when water is added to quicklime it produces slaked lime
• lime mortar is made by mixing slaked lime with sand and then adding water

cement concrete and glass

• cement is made by heating limestone with clay in a kiln
• concrete is made by mixing chrushed rocks, cement and sand with water
• glass is made by strongly heating powdered limestone, sand and sodium carbonate together.

extracting metals

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