Muscles are the driving force behind movement. There are 11 main muscles that we know as voluntary muscles, these are:
Deltoid
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectorals
Abdominals
Biceps
Triceps
Glueteals
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
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Voluntary Muscles
Voluntary muscles bring about movement. They can be consciously controlled and trained to be stronger and work for longer periods. They are called voluntary muscles because we can control them.
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Involuntary Muscles
Involuntary muscles contract and lengthen by themselves as happens in internal organs. For example those in the gut are involved in processes we cannot contain such as digestion.
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Deltoids
Produces:
Abducts the upper arm from the body.
Example:
Serve in Tennis
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Trapezius
Produces:
Rotates the shoulder blade backwards
Example:
Rowing
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Latissimus Dorsi
Produces:
Rotates the upper arm at the shoulders.
Example:
Swimming (Butterfly stroke).
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Pectorals
Produces:
Adduction of Arm
Example:
Swimming (Front crawl).
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Abdominals
Produces:
Flexion and rotation of trunk.
Example:
Rowing
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Biceps
Produces:
Flexion of arm at the elbow
Example:
Bending the arm to throw a cricket ball.
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Triceps
Produces:
Extention of the arm at the elbow.
Example:
Straightening the elbow to throw a cricket ball.
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Gluteals
Produces:
Extention of the upper leg.
Example:
Running and maintaining a good posture.
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Quadriceps
Produces:
Extention of the leg at the knee.
Example:
Kicking a football.
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Hamstrings
Produces:
Flexion of the leg at the knee.
Example:
Sprinting; When a leg bends.
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Gastrocnemius
Produces:
Plantar flexion of the foot.
Example:
Running; pushes onto the toes.
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Antagonistic Pairs
Muscles working in pairs. One will contract as the other pulls to allow the joint to work. Biceps are triceps are arranged this way.
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Isometric Contractions
Isometric Contractions occur when the muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position. These are not used in sport as much as Isotonic contractions. E.G. Plank Position.
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Isotonic Contractions
This is where a muscle contracts that results in a limb movement.
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Muscle Hypertrophy
This is the scientific term for an increase in the size of muscle.
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