The four approaches

Outline

• Behaviour is influenced by interactions between the conscious and unconsious mind.
• Many of which have origins in early shildhood development. 
• Freud proposed that the personality is made up of three elements; the id, ego and superego and these need to be balanced to aviod psychologicl disorders.

Evauation;

• No evidence for the elements of personality.
• The first to suggest how adult behaviour can be influence by early childhood experienes.
• Freud's theory of abnormality was developed in 19th century Vienna - so has a cultural aspect. 

Outline;

• Classical conditioning - uncnditional responses or reflexes. Litle Albert was conditioned to assosiate animals with fear. He became afraid of flufy objects and similar objects - stimulus generalisation. 
• Operant conditioning - Learning through reinforcement. Skinner proposed that operant conditioning, was fundamental in human development.
• Social learning theory - learning by watching and copying others.

Evaluate;

• Clasical conditioning has been proved through little Albert, to cause phobias. 
• Reductionist - ignores cognitive and emotional contributions to development of psychopathology.
• Has no role for genetics.

Outline;

• Schemata - how we see ourselves - "i am confident and self - assertive". 
• Schemata develop on early lifehood experiences.
• Negative schemata - can lead to negative automatic thoughts - "i am bad at everything".
• Becks model - negative view of self, of the world and of the future. 

Evaluate;

• The idea of schemata is very vague - no evidence.
• Ignores biological factors and genetics.
• Negative thoughts can reflect an accurate view of the world.