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Philosphy GCSE, Islam and Christianity
- Created by: Alice Dewhirst
- Created on: 17-05-10 19:24
Nature of God Key Words
Omnipotent- all powerful Omniscient- all knowing Omnibenevolent- all loving
Cosmological Argument- only God has the power to start the creation of the universe, so he must have been behind the big bang and evolution
Interventionist God- belief in a God who loves us so much that he intervenes in our lives to help us
Jesus- son of God
Lourdes- place of Miracles in France, people go to be healed by the waters
Design Argument- because of order and regularity in world, there must have been a God who designed and created it
JOOLSETC- Beliefs about the Nature of God
Judge- Story of sheep and goats, God will seperate good (sheep) and bad (goats) souls
Omniscient- God is all knowing, he knows what has, is, and will happen
Omnipotent- God is all powerful. He was able to create the Universe (Genesis Story)
Loving- Omnibenevolent. God loves us so much he sacrificed Jesus to save us from sin.
Saviour - Same as above
Eternal - God has always and will always exist
Trinity- Three parts to God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit
Creator- God created the universe from nothing. Genesis story.
REDCU- Why do Christians believe in God
Religious Experience- People have an experience of God. Numinous- feeling of awe/ Conversion- to change to or change from one religion to another religion.
Design argument- Belief that the world has a purpose and order so it couldn't happen randomly. There must have been a creator- God.
Cosmological argument- Scientific Evidence shows that a giant explosion happened at the start of time. Some Christians who believe in the Big Bang Theory think that only God has the power to start such a tremendous explosion. (He is Omnipotent)
Upbringing- Religious because that is how they have been brought up to be. they may have been christened at an early age. May attend Church or Sunday School as a family. May decide to take part in a confirmation and promise themselves to God. May attend a Church School where they will learn more about Christianity.
How is the Bible used?
Holy book- they believe it is the Holy Book and the Word of God.
Difficulties- it would be used for reference in times of difficulty
Hope- it could be a source of encouragement and hope
Guidance- provides Christians with ethical guidance
Respect- will be treated with respect and as a higher source of authority than other books
Authority- refers to the importance of the Bible to Christians
Fundamentalist Christians attitudes to the Bible
Meaning- it is wrong to find a hidden meaning in the Bible
Example Genesis Story- First story of the Bible, refers to how God created the World in 6 days and rested on the 7th. It also refers to how Adam and Eve disobeyed God and were punished
Historical Truth- believe that all the stories in the Bible are historical truth
Interpretation- Believe that interpreting the Genesis sotry as a myth is dangerous
Science- believe scientific evidence (fossils) are put on Earth by God to test faith, they are fake
Literally true- believe all the stories in the Bible with literal truth, believe that it all happened
Liberal Christians attitudes to the Bible
Truths- believe that the stories have special meanings and teach special truths
Example Genesis Story- First story of the Bible, refers to how God created the World in 6 days and rested on the 7th. It also refers to how Adam and Eve disobeyed God and were punished
Not fact- do not believe the the Bible stories are historical fact
Why not how- Genesis story is symbolic, tells people why God created the universe, not how. He created it because he loved us and he loved his creation.
Symbolic- stories show people are supposed to look after everything in the world. The Bible is important, the stories may not be historical truth but they ahave symbolic meanings
Miracles
Guidance- God is able to be involved in Christians lives to help and guide them
Love- God is an interventionist so he loves us all
Impossible events- miracles are events which are impossibel. Believed to be caused by God
Involvement- all miracles are evidence that there is an Interventionist God who wants to be involved in peoples lives
Genesis Story- believe it is a miracle whicever way it happened
Lourdes- France, where people go to hope miracles take place
Interventionist- Christians believe that God is an interventionist God
Religion & Science Keywords
Evolution- scientific theory describes how humans formed. Evolved from small organisms millions of years ago
Adam and Eve- first two Humans
Big Bang Theory- Scientific theory how the universe was formed by a giant explosion
Cosmological Argument- only God has the power to start the creation of the universe, so he must have been behind the big bang and evolution
Genesis Story- bible story that has the creation story in it
Creationist Christians- who argue scientific theories are wrong
Liberal Christians- accpet science as well as the Bible
Ex nihilo- Latin for from nothing. God created the universe from nothing
Religion & Science Keywords Continued...
Design Argument- because of order and regularity in world, there must have been a God who designed and created it
Stewardship- the belief that humans have been the job of looking after the world and everything in it by God
Dominion- the belief that humans are in charge of the world and everything in it
Creation fo the Wotld according to the Bible
The is the Genesis Story- God created the world from nothing- Ex nihilo
Day 1- Day and Night
Day 2- Sky
Day 3- Earth and plants
Day 4- Sun, moon and stars
Day 5- Fish and birds
Day 6- Animals and humans (Adam and Eve)
Day 7- God rested
Creation of humans according to the Bible
God created Adam on first then Eve on the 6th day
He made "man in his image" and "breathed life into him"
The breath of life is believed to be the soul which sets humans apart from animals
God gave humans dominion- put them in charge
God gave them stewardship- the job of looking after his creation
Creation of the world according to science
Scientific study of the universe= Cosmology
Most popular theory= Big Bang Theory
1- Giant explosion
2- Matter scattered
3- Matter began to stick together and formed planets
4- Solar systems and galaxies were formed
5- On Earth bacteria formed
6- Species evolved - fish and plants, reptiles, birds, mammals and primates
Creation of humans according to science
Most popular theory= Darwin's theory of evolution
1- Bacteria
2- Multi-cellular organisms
3- fish
4-land plants and fungi
5- amphibians, insects and reptiles
6- Dinosaurs evolve
7- mammals and birds
8- modern mammals
9- humans evolve
Science versus Christianity: Liberal Christians
Support the cosmological argument
Accept Big Bang theory and Evolution
Believe in Stewardship and Dominionship
Believe the Genesis story is symbolic
God created the world because he loved us
Humans are special and have evolved how God planned it
God is responsible for the Big Bang and Evolution
Humans evolved from primates
Genesis story isn't historical fact
God designed humans and gave them a soul to make them
Science Versus Christianity- Creationist Christian
God made Adam first then Eve
He breathed life into them after making them in his image, believed to be the soul
He gave them dominion and stewardship
Scientific evidence (e.g. fossils) are put there by God to test faith
It is dangerous to accpet scientific theories because it questions God
Creation happened as the Genesis Story told it
The Genesis story is historical fact
Big bang theory and Evolution are wrong
Humans were created on 6th day by God
Stewardshipe and Dominion
Dominion- God put humans in charge of everything in the world
Stewardship- humans were given the job of being stewards,"the earth is the Lords and everyting in it" (Psalm 24), the earth belongs to God, we should look after it
Our responsibility to look after the world and everything in it
Environment- they should try cut down on pollution, recycle etc
Animals- Christians should look after animals. Against animal testing.
What sets humans apart from animals?
God made humans intellgient- animals don't have intelligence
God gave humans stewardship and dominionship- humans are in charge and are responsible for animals
Some believe that the fact that humans have souls and animals don't, justifies animal research if it benefits humans
Christians should look after animals as stewards of the world
Christians believe God gave humans the soul when he breathed life into them. Animals did not get a soul
Cosmological Argument
Also known as the first cause argument
1- things come into existence because something caused them to happen
2- the chain of causes can be traced back to the beginning of time
3- God was the first cause of the univers
Aquinas: the universe had a beginning. There must have been a first cause. The first cause was God
Domino analogy: like a row of dominoes. When dominoes are put in a row they need someone to knock down the first domino to start the chain reaction. The universe needed something to start- it was God
Supports big bang theory- God started it
Design argument
Evidence: there is order and regularity in the universe, seasons etc.
Aquinas: we cannot see hear or touch God. The natural world proves God exists. Nothing is random, there is order. there must have been an intelligent designer. Must be God.
William Paley- the watch: used the example of a watch to prove that God exists and designed the world. If we came across a stone on a moor we wouldn't think anything of it, but if there was a watch er woulds see its design and know there was a designer. The watch needs a designer and a maker, this is God.
William Paley- the eye: the world and everyting in it is complex. The human eye proves this- it works together so we can see. It was designed for seeing so there must have been a designer- God
The world and the universe are complex and beautiful it must have had a designer- God
Death & Afterlife Keywords
Akirah- Refers to the beliefs about the last day and life after death
Al'Jannah- heaven
Barzakh- the period between death and the final judgement
Rouh- the soul
Shaytan- satan
Last Day- end of time
Jahannan- Hell
What do Muslims believe about the body and soul
The body and soul (rouh) are seperate
Everyone has a distinct individual soul
The soul is immortal - Immortality of the soul
Live on earth as humans for a short time- life is a test and how life is lived will have consequences for what happens to the soul after death
The soul is eternal while the body is temporary
Human life does not begin at birth but that Allah chooses the stage that the soul will be born into a human body
What happens after death?
Barzakh
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