Quantitative: POSITIVISTS - society can be measured and observed scientifically. It is data produced from numbers. (graphs, tables and favour questionnaires, statistics and body counts) It explains behaviour in terms of cause and effect relationships = casuation. Official statistics are ones such as League Tables, Divorce Rate, Birth Rate, Death Rate, Crime Statistics.
Qualitative: ANTI-POSITIVISTS - data is not scientific. It is produced from the spoken word. (interviews, observations and favour interviews, observations, historical data) They look at meanings and motives to try and explain behaviour. This is where they are trying to understand behaviour ~ gain verstehen.
They study life through Ethnography = to study way of life of a group or an individual.
Objective data: WITHOUT bias (ofiicial statistics / exam rates)
Subjective data: WITH bias (interviews)
Validity: It is accurate / true
Reliability: It is repeatable (in the same way)
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