An extrusion is the emission of magma onto the Earth's surface where it forms a lava flow.
An intrusion is igneous rock formed below the Earth's surface. The magma can be forced into pre-existing rocks, for example, either along bedding planes and joints, or by cutting across the existing rocks.
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Weathering & Erosion
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks in situ.
Erosion is the removal of weathered material, usually by the physical action of transported fragments.
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The Rock Cycle - Sedimentary
Transport is the means by which weathered material is moved from oneplace to another by water, wind, ice or gravity.
Deposition is the laying down of a sediment that occurs when a transporting agent loses energy.
Burial occurs when sediment is covered by younger layers of sediment accumulating on top of it.
Diagenesis defines all processes that take place in sediments at low temperature and pressure at or near the Earth's surface.
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The Rock Cycle - Metamorphic
Recrystallisation is the solid state process that changes minerals into new crystalline metamorphic minerals.
Metamorphism is the changing of rocks in the Earth's crust by heat and/or pressure and/orvolatilecontent. It is isochemicaland occurs in the solid state.
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The Rock Cycle - Igneous
Partial melting is the incomplete melting of rock in the lower crust or upper mantle.
Magma accumulation is magma collecting within a magma chamber.
Crystallisation occurs during the cooling of magma or lava so that solid mineral crystals form.
Intrusions are igneous rock formed below the Earth's surface. The magma can be forced into pre-existing rocks, for example, either along bedding planes and joints, or by cutting across the existing rocks.
Uplift is the return of buried rocks to the Earth's surface by tectonic forces.
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Thin Section
A thing (0.03mm) slice of rock that is translucent, mounted on a glass slide and viewed through a microscope.
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Rock
An aggregate or mixture of one or more minerals.
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Minerals
Naturally occurring inorganic crystalline compounds with a definite chemical composition.
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Clast
A fragment of broken rock.
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Sedimentary, Metamorphic and Igneous Rock
A sedimentary rock is a rock composed of fragments that have been deposited compacted and cemented.
A metamorphic rock is formed by the recrystallisation of other rocks in the solid state due to pressure, temperature or both.
An igneous rock is a rock that has crystallised from a magma.
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Sillicates
The most important and abundant group of rock-forming minerals, with an atomic structure containing SiO4 arranged as tetrahedra.
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Foliation
A texture in metamorphic rocks formed by the preferred alignment of flat/tabular minerals.
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The Geological Column
The geological column is a table that contains all the eras and systems in the correct time sequence.
An era is a major unit of time that contains several periods/systems.
A System refers to rocks laid down in a named time period and is shorter than an era.
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