John Bowlby came up with the evoluntonary theory which a nature explanation of attachment. This is a good way of remembering the key facts about this theory:
Innate (instinctive)
Critical period
Adaptive (helps you survive)
Monotropy (one main attachment= mother)
Internal working model
Later
Development
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innate
Bowlby believed that babies were born with insitinctive behaviours (crying and laughing) and when adults see these, different instinctive responses occur. These behaviours cause a baby and a adult to spend a lot of time together. these behaviours are called social releasers
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critical period
babies had to form an attachment within the first 18 months of their lives.
If there is no attachment after 2 and a half years the child will never be able to form a strong emotional bond with another individual.
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Adaptive
Bowlby believed that attachment was adaptive because it helped you to survive.
This is because a strong attachment to your mother helps you survuve because she is a source of food, protection and shelter.
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Monotropy
bowlby believed that babies form only one strong attachment in their lives, this is to their mother.
an infant becomes most attached to the person who responds in the most sensitive way.
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Internal working model
A baby's ideas and expectations of the world.
they develop their opinions and ideas from there mother and often mirror their mothers behaviour.
for example if the mother was stressed a lot, the baby may be influenced to and grow up to be stressed. or if the mother was sporty, then they baby may develop an interest in sport later on too.
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later development
Your attachment continues how you develop throughout your life.
for example a type b child is likely to become a social leader later on and they will have a high self esteem and will be able to get on well with other people.
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