Carboniferous limestone weathers by the limestone solution process to produce distinctive landforms both above and below ground.
Limestone pavements are flat surfaces of bare rock broken up into separate blocks. The flat surfaces of the blocks are flat surfaces of bare rock broken up into separate blocks. The flat surfaces of bare rock broken up into separate blocks.
The flat surfaces of the blocks are clints and the gaps are grykes. Rivers disappear underground either through small holes in the rock, called sink holes, or down larger holes with a funnel shape above, called swallow holes.
Underground the limestone is full of holes: small passageways, or cave systems, which from time to time open out into large chambers, or caverns.
Stalactites are made of lime hang down from the roofs like long icicles, whilst stalagmites are the thicker columns built up from the floor. In places the two meet to form a pillar of limestone.
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