Rivers, Floods and Management. Case study 1 - Asia
- Created by: Jack Kessock-Philip
- Created on: 23-03-13 21:08
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- South Asia, 2007.
- When?
- Usually late summer
- Particularly bad in July and August 2007.
- Usually late summer
- Where?
- South Asia floods most years.
- Bangladesh
- India
- South Asia floods most years.
- Why?
- Monsoon climate
- 80% of rain falls in just four months.
- Came suddenly after a very dry, early summer.
- South Asia is low-lying land.
- Bangladesh
- Relief
- 90% of land is less than 10 meters above sea level.
- Relief
- Bangladesh
- Himalayas
- Melting snow and ice
- Later summer
- Increases the Brahmaputra rivers discharge
- Melting snow and ice
- Physical Factors
- Heavy rainfall
- a record of 169.5mm in 24 hours on 22nd of July.
- 900mm total rainfall in July.
- Monsoon climate
- 80% of rain falls in just four months.
- Came suddenly after a very dry, early summer.
- Saturated soil
- Long duration of heavy rainfall.
- Heavy rainfall
- a record of 169.5mm in 24 hours on 22nd of July.
- 900mm total rainfall in July.
- Increases surface runoff
- Increases river discharge.
- Heavy rainfall
- Long duration of heavy rainfall.
- Heavy rainfall
- Human Activities
- Deforestation
- Nepal
- Himalayas.
- Less rain was intercepted
- Increasing river discharge
- Nepal
- Growth of urban areas
- Due to migration
- Impermeable land
- Increases surface runoff
- Increasing river discharge
- Increases surface runoff
- Collapse of old earth dams
- In Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Led to rapid release of high volumes of water
- Causes further flooding
- Deforestation
- Monsoon climate
- Social impacts
- Over 2000 deaths
- Reluctancy to evacuate
- Leaving live stock and crops
- Children drowned as they couldn't swim
- Poor transport links
- Slow evacuation
- Reluctancy to evacuate
- Water-borne diseases.
- sewage mixed with wells.
- Reduced amount of clean drinking water
- Over 100,000 people caught diseases.
- Dysentery
- Diarrhoea
- Over 100,000 people caught diseases.
- Reduced amount of clean drinking water
- sewage mixed with wells.
- 25 million made homeless
- 112,000 houses destroyed in India.
- Mud bricks became saturated by rainfall/floodwater
- 112,000 houses destroyed in India.
- Education
- 4000 schools were affected
- 44 schools totally destroyed
- Over 2000 deaths
- Economic impacts
- cost of flood
- $1 billion USD
- Factories closed around Dhaka
- Widespread loss of livestock
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Lamb
- 550,000 hectares of land destroyed
- Land couldn't be used to plant rice crops at rice crop peak time
- 10000km of road destroyed.
- Accessibility
- Debt increased
- Individually (farmers etc...)
- Nationally (government)
- cost of flood
- Environmental impacts
- Deposition of fertile silt on the flood plains
- Water pollution
- Rivers polluted
- Sewage contamination
- Rivers polluted
- When?
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