Child language key words
terms and theories to do with A2 AQA language exam- child language aquisition
- Created by: Paige Hall
- Created on: 02-04-13 16:56
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- Speech
- Phonology
- Phonemic contraction- child then reduces the sounds to only those they need for their own language
- Phonemic expansion- child increases the variety of sounds produced
- shows that children have the potential to learn any language
- Phonemic expansion- child increases the variety of sounds produced
- Universal Grammar- explanation that all world languages share the principles of grammar despite differences in lexis/ phonology
- Language Acquisition (LAD)- the humans inbuilt capacity to acquire language
- Diphthong- a vowel in which there is a change in quality during a syllable
- Phoneme- smallest unit in the sound system
- idiolect- an individuals own 'linguistic fingerprint'
- Phonemic contraction- child then reduces the sounds to only those they need for their own language
- Grammar
- syntax- the way words are arranged to make sentences
- Copula verb- a verb used to join a subject to a complement
- Questions- What, were, why, when- certain order
- Negatives- abilty to use negation needs syntatic awareness
- Deixis- lexical items that point towards something and place words in context
- Pronouns- people involved (I/you), subject/object (I/me), number (I/we), gender (s/he) and possesion (mine)
- Determiners- another function word later in development. They attached to nouns: articles (a,the), numerals (one), possessives (my), quantifiers (some, many) or demonstratives (this)
- Stages of child grammaticaldevelopment
- Lexis & Semantics
- Holophrase- a single word expressing a whole idea
- Proto- word- an invented word that has a consistent meaning
- Positive reinforcement- when a behaviour is rewarded to encourage this behaviour to be repeated
- Negative Reinforcement- when a behaviour is unrewarded with the intention that it will not be repeated
- Content word- type of word that has an independent meaning (nouns, verbs & adjectives)
- Function word- word that is largely to express a grammatical relationship (determiners, preopsitions & auxiliary verbs) formed after content words
- discourse- conversation
- Over extension- feature of child's language where the word used to label something is stretched in meaning
- Under extension- feature of a child's language where the word used to label is reduced to include only part of its normal meaning
- Aitchison's stages of child linguistic development
- Holophrase- a single word expressing a whole idea
- Morphology
- Inflectional morphology- the alteration of words to make new grammatical forms
- Derivational morphology- the creation of new words by adding prefixes and suffixes
- Free morpheme- one that can stand alone as an independent word (apple)
- Bound morpheme- one that cannot stand alone but must be attached to another morpheme (-s, -er)
- Virtuous error- syntactic errors made by children that shows some understanding of standard syntax
- Overgeneralisation- a learners extension of a word meaning or grammatical rule beyond its normal use
- Stative verb- verb that describes a state (feel- the emotion/abstract concept)
- Dynamic verb (type of verb that expresses activities (feel- feeling something tangible)
- Piaget;s cognitive theory
- Context
- who participates?
- Relationship?
- setting?
- child development stage/age?
- any cultural or social factors?
- Vygotsky
- Pragmatics
- pragmatics- the factors that influence why we choose to say one thing rather than another
- Egocentric speech- running discourse style of speech used by children where no listener is directly addressed
- Halliday's functions of speech
- Dore's language functions
- Politeness theory- Levinson and Brown
- Phonology
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