7.5 Overdoing It

Mindmap of topic 7.5 SNAB Edexcel biology A2

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  • Created by: Zoe
  • Created on: 29-05-13 16:55
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  • 7.5 Overdoing It
    • Too Much Exercise
      • Immunity
        • Reduced natural killer cells
        • Reduced phagocytes
        • Reduced B cells
        • Reduced T Helper cells
          • Reduces amount of cytokines
            • Cytokines are needed to activate lymphocytes
            • Reduces number of antibodies produced
        • Inflammatory response in muscles due to damage to muscle fibres
          • Reduced availability of non-specific immune response against upper respiratory tract infections
      • Joints
        • Treatment = RICE
        • Articular cartilage wears away
          • Bones grind together
          • Inflammation
          • Arthritis
        • Fluid sacs swell
          • Inflammation
          • Tenderness
        • Ligament damage
    • Medical Technology
      • Keyhole Surgery
        • Small incisions
        • Cruciate Ligament
          • Deep inside the knee joint
          • Attached to end of femur and top of tibia
          • Repeated damage can affect cartilage and shorten an athlete's career
        • Fast recovery
        • Little scarring
      • Prostheses
        • An artificial body part used by someone with a disability, to enable him/her to regain some degree of normal function or appearance
        • Allows higher physical activity
        • Allows higher performance for disabled athletes
        • Replace damaged or diseased joints
          • e.g. knee joint replacement
    • Moderate Exercise
      • Increased number and activity of natural killer cells
        • Found in blood and lymph
        • Don't use specific antigen recognition
        • Provide non specific immunity against cells invaded by viruses and cancerous cells
        • Activated by cytokines and interferons
        • Release perforin, making pores in the targeted cell membrane
        • Induce apoptosis
      • Increased vasodilation
        • Lowered blood pressure
      • Increased HDLs
      • Reduced LDLs
      • Maintaining a healthy body weight
      • Improved blood glucose level regulation
      • Increased bone density
        • Decreased risk of osteoporosis
      • Reduced risk of some cancers
      • Improved mental well being
    • Too Little Exercise
      • Increased risk of..
        • Stroke
        • Coronary heart disease
        • Cancer
        • Obesity
        • Diabetes
        • Osteoporosis

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